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Ankylosing spondylitis

Sleep and ankylosing spondylitis: what the research shows and what is worth tracking

Poor sleep is one of the most common complaints in axSpA, and one of the most useful things to record next to stiffness and pain.

Waking during the night because of pain, and stiffness on rising, are among the symptoms the NHS lists for ankylosing spondylitis. That is one of the reasons sleep deserves its own line in an AS record rather than being an afterthought.

How common poor sleep is in axSpA

Very. A systematic review of studies in ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis found poor sleep reported in between 35% and 90% of participants depending on the study and the measure, and more often than in healthy comparison groups. Across those studies, poorer sleep tended to go together with higher disease activity, more pain and lower function (Leverment et al., 2017).

The NHS lists waking regularly during the night because of pain among the symptoms of AS, alongside pain and stiffness that are worse in the morning and at night (NHS).

Which direction does it run?

Both, probably, and untangling them is hard. Pain disturbs sleep; disturbed sleep is in turn associated with more pain the following day. In the broader pain literature, sleep problems have been found to predict later pain more reliably than pain predicts later sleep problems (Finan et al., 2013), though that is a population-level finding and not a statement about any one person.

For your own record the honest position is: sleep and symptoms are related in AS, the relationship is likely to run in both directions, and what you can observe is how they move together in your own history.

What to track

Sleep signals that are quick to record and useful to read back.
SignalHowWhy it helps
Hours asleepEstimate, or from a wearable via Apple HealthThe baseline everything else is compared against
Night wakingTimes woken, and whether pain or stiffness was the reasonDistinguishes AS-related disturbance from other causes
Sleep quality0–10 on wakingCaptures what hours cannot: a long, poor night
Morning stiffnessDuration and severityThe symptom most directly paired with the night before
Evening activityTraining, screen time, late meal — one lineContext for the night that followed

You do not need a wearable. If you have one that writes to Apple Health, HAVYT can read sleep analysis, resting heart rate and heart rate variability and show them next to your check-in (Apple Health in HAVYT); if you do not, hours and a quality score entered by hand are enough.

Reading the record

After several weeks, look at the mornings with the longest stiffness and at the nights before them. Look also at the reverse: the nights with the most waking and the days before those. You are looking for whether the two tend to move together in your record — not for a cause. If they do, that is worth telling your rheumatology team, who may consider it alongside everything else they know. HAVYT surfaces this kind of association as a possible pattern to look at, and labels weak ones as weak.

What this guide does not do

It does not offer treatment for sleep problems. Persistent poor sleep — with or without AS — is something to raise with a clinician, who can consider night-time pain, the timing of medication, sleep disorders and other causes. Nothing here should change how you take any medication.

Sources

  1. Leverment S, Clarke E, Wadeley A, Sengupta R. Prevalence and factors associated with disturbed sleep in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 2017;37:257–71Rheumatology International (PubMed), 2017
  2. Ankylosing spondylitis: symptomsNHS
  3. Finan PH, Goodin BR, Smith MT. The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward. J Pain 2013;14(12):1539–52Journal of Pain (PubMed), 2013
  4. Ankylosing spondylitis: overviewNHS

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